关于「as …. as」的比较句型|IELTS 英文写作攻略秘笈
2025-01-05 14:00
有位同学问我能否剖析在 IELTS Reading 阅读理解补充练习课文内出现的英文句子的结构。
But they may be as far from the physical limits of thought as our eyes are from the incredibly powerful Webb Space Telescope.
以上句子大概可以翻译成为如此中文句子:但它们可能距离思想的物理极限很远,犹如我们的眼睛与极其强大的韦伯太空望远镜的距离一样远。
大家应该留意到在这句有两个 as。
But they may be as far from the physical limits of thought as our eyes are from the incredibly powerful Webb Space Telescope.
这是一句「as …. as」的比较句型 (comparative),常用于表示两个人物、两件物件或两件事情是一样,但同学要谨记,前面的 as 是 adverb,而后面那个 as 是连接词(conjunction),或更为准确的名称是从属连接词。
先来介绍这种句式的句型。
第一种句型是:as +形容词+ as
例句 1:The weather this summer is as bad as last year (今年夏天的天气和去年一样差)。
第二种句型是:as + 副词 + as
例句 2:Glenn can run as fast as Joseph (Glenn 能够跑得和 Joseph 一样快)。(fast 是 adjective,也是 adverb。)
请同学注意两点。
例句 1,「as +形容词+ as」这类 adjective 夹在 as 和 as 的中间的句型是使用所谓 linking verb,如 is、are、am、look、appear、become 和 taste 等。
例句 2,Joseph 后面其实隐藏了 can run,即 Glenn can run as fast as Joseph can run,但在英语,大家不需把 can run 写出来。这种省略写法在英语文法上是叫做 ellipsis,所以在这句 This car is as expensive as that car,在 that car 后面原来有 is expensive,只是以英语为母语的人士不会说或写出来的。
顺带一提,正如在
这句子中,在第二个 as 后面原来是S + V + C 结构的子句 (clause),因此占了 S 位置的必定是主语 (subject),不能是受语 (object),口语英文除外,所以正体书写英文不会出现:He is as tall as me,而是 He is as tall as I。「I」是 subject pronoun。换句话说,在后面一个 as 的后面可以是 clause,因为与我在上面指出,第二个 as 是conjunction,而在这个情况下,只接 clause。
例句 3:Football is not as popular as it was a decade ago。「when she was twenty years old」就是clause。
但当然还有许多组织上的变化,例如在首个 as 后面可以是 phrase。
例句 4:Tom is as interested in music as Shirley。在这句里,「interested in music」就是 phrase。
再看学生提出的那句「But they may be as far from the physical limits of thought as our eyes are from the incredibly powerful Webb Space Telescope」,它的句子结构其实就是 they may be as X as Y,X 是 phrase (片语)「far from the physical limits of thought 」,Y 很明显是子句「our eyes are from the incredibly powerful Webb Space Telescope」,因为符合 S + V + C 的句子结构条件。换言之,「as …. as」的比较型句子的组织结构弹性颇高,在前面的 as 可以用上片语 (phrase)或在后面的 as 后面还可以加入子句 (clause)。试看下面两句例句。
同学如果能够明白到创造「as …. as」的比较型句子的空间原来可以很广阔,便可以在 IELTS 考试中尝试采用较复杂的比较型句子,以争取较高 band score。
最后,我来挑战同学能否拆解以下的一句?
Glenn looks as young as when she was twenty years old. 哪一部份是 clause 呢?
文:Scott Cheng
香港大学比较文学系毕业,资深公关从业员,拥有丰富撰写文稿的专业经验,现于HKU SPACE兼职教授公关及企业传讯深造文凭课程高级企业传讯写作。
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